New Delhi, Dec 25 (NationPress) With substantial funding directed towards research and innovation, India’s science and technology (S&T) sector experienced a remarkable growth spurt in 2025.

The sector achieved enhanced global rankings and made strides in frontier technologies, semiconductor innovation, and AI-driven initiatives.

In 2025, India improved its position to 38th out of 139 economies in the World Intellectual Property Organization's Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, a significant rise from its 81st position in 2015.

Additionally, four Indian cities ranked among the top 100 innovation clusters: Bengaluru (21), Delhi (26), Mumbai (46), and Chennai, all witnessing improved standings this year.

To encourage private sector engagement in R&D, the government introduced the Research, Development and Innovation Fund in July, with a total allocation of Rs 1.0 Lakh crore over six years, of which Rs 20,000 crore was designated for FY 2025-26.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM), aimed at establishing India's quantum technology ecosystem, set up operational hubs in 43 institutions by mid-2025.

Under this Mission, the government allocated Rs 450.99 crore in FY 2025-26, with Rs 55.44 crore utilized by November 2025.

Moreover, the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) focused on developing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Notable projects in 2025 included Bharat-Gen (Generative AI for Indian languages) and enhancing digital infrastructure for cybersecurity and smart applications.

The LLM-based platform integrates text, speech, and image modalities, delivering seamless AI solutions in 22 Indian languages.

The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) witnessed the installation of 37 supercomputers boasting a total computing capability of 40 Petaflops in 2025.

These systems are established in prestigious institutions like IISc, IITs, C-DAC, R&D Labs, and various academic institutions and research organizations in Tier-II and Tier-III cities across the nation.

These supercomputers have supported over 10,000 researchers, including more than 1,700 PhD scholars from over 200 academic and research institutions.

Significantly, the IndiaAI Mission, with a budget exceeding Rs 10,300 crore, deployed 38,000 GPUs by 2025 to furnish affordable computing power to startups and researchers.

In 2025, India also rapidly expanded its AI ecosystem with numerous key Centres of Excellence (CoEs) concentrating on sectors such as education, healthcare, agriculture, urban governance, and clean energy, stimulated by the Union Budget 2025-26.

With the launch of the DHRUV64 Microprocessor, India introduced its first fully indigenous 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor in December 2025. Developed by C-DAC, this chip is engineered for 5G, IoT, and automotive applications.

The VIKRAM3201 became the inaugural Make-in-India 32-bit microprocessor specifically certified for challenging space conditions.

The government’s flagship initiatives such as INSPIRE, INSPIRE-MANAK, and WISE-KIRAN have provided substantial support to numerous school students, researchers, and women scientists.

India also introduced its inaugural R&D roadmap for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in December 2025, aimed at expediting its net-zero mission.