New Delhi, Dec 25 (NationPress) With substantial investments in research and innovation, India's science and technology (S&T) sector experienced a remarkable transformation in 2025.

This sector witnessed enhancements in global standings and advancements in cutting-edge technologies, including semiconductor production and AI-driven initiatives.

In 2025, India climbed to the 38th position out of 139 economies in the World Intellectual Property Organization's Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, a significant rise from its 81st rank in 2015.

Four cities in India ranked among the top 100 innovation hubs: Bengaluru (21), Delhi (26), Mumbai (46), and Chennai, all showing improvement this year.

The government launched the Research, Development and Innovation Fund in July to encourage private sector engagement in R&D, with a total allocation of Rs 1.0 Lakh crore over six years, of which Rs 20,000 crore was earmarked for FY 2025-26.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM) aimed at developing India's quantum technology ecosystem, established operational centers at 43 institutions by mid-2025.

For this mission, Rs 450.99 crore was disbursed in FY 2025-26, with Rs 55.44 crore utilized as of November 2025.

Additionally, the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) focused on enhancing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) capabilities, launching projects like Bharat-Gen (Generative AI for Indian languages) and improving digital infrastructure for cybersecurity and smart applications.

The LLM-based platform offers integrated text, speech, and image solutions, delivering AI capabilities in 22 Indian languages.

The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) introduced 37 supercomputers with a cumulative computing capacity of 40 Petaflops in 2025.

These systems are installed in prominent institutions such as IISc, IITs, C-DAC, R&D labs, and various academic and research organizations in Tier-II and Tier-III cities.

Over 10,000 researchers, including more than 1,700 PhD scholars from over 200 academic and research institutes, have benefited from these supercomputers.

Notably, the IndiaAI Mission, with a budget exceeding Rs 10,300 crore, deployed 38,000 GPUs by 2025 to provide startups and researchers with accessible computing power.

In 2025, India's AI ecosystem rapidly expanded, establishing several key Centres of Excellence (CoEs) targeting sectors like education, healthcare, agriculture, urban governance, and clean energy, driven by the Union Budget 2025-26.

With the DHRUV64 Microprocessor, India unveiled its first fully indigenous 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor in December 2025. Developed by C-DAC, this chip is tailored for 5G, IoT, and automotive applications.

VIKRAM3201 became the first Make-in-India 32-bit microprocessor designed specifically for extreme space conditions.

The government's flagship programs such as INSPIRE, INSPIRE-MANAK, and WISE-KIRAN have positively impacted countless school students, researchers, and women scientists.

India also introduced its inaugural R&D roadmap for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in December 2025 to expedite its net-zero ambitions.