Mumbai, Dec 14 (NationPress) Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay revealed a groundbreaking method that utilizes light to manipulate quantum states in ultra-thin materials. This innovation could pave the way for computers that operate much faster and consume less energy compared to current electronic devices.

The focus of this study is on two-dimensional semiconductors, which are merely one atom thick and significantly thinner than a human hair.

Within these materials, electrons can occupy two unique quantum states termed valleys, identified as K and K′.

These states can be likened to the binary digits 0 and 1 used in digital computing, forming the foundation of an emerging field called valleytronics.

Historically, controlling these valley states has posed challenges. Previous methodologies necessitated intricate laser configurations utilizing circularly polarized light and multiple laser pulses, often leading to partial control that was tough to measure.

Consequently, achieving reliable and reversible transitions between these valley states has been a significant hurdle.

The IIT Bombay team has demonstrated that such a convoluted setup is unnecessary. In their research published in the journal Advanced Optical Materials, they showcased that a solitary linearly polarized laser pulse can effectively control and read the valley state of electrons.

The crux of this technique lies in applying a slight, controlled tilt to the laser pulse’s polarization.

As explained by Prof. Gopal Dixit from IIT Bombay, this minor asymmetry in the pulse is sufficient to direct electrons into either the K or K′ valley.

By altering the tilt in the pulse, electrons can be reverted back to the other valley. This renders the process completely reversible, with the two valley states functioning as quantum representations of 0 and 1.

Additionally, this discovery is remarkable as the same laser pulse generates a minuscule electric current.

This current serves as an intrinsic signal indicating which valley state the electrons have entered. Simply put, the system can be simultaneously controlled and monitored, eliminating the need for additional lasers or measuring instruments.

The researchers also noted that this method is effective across a broad spectrum of laser wavelengths and does not require precise tuning to the energy levels of the material.