BNP's return to power in Bangladesh marred by deadly factional clashes
Synopsis
Key Takeaways
The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)'s return to government has been shadowed by a persistent and deadly undercurrent: violent power struggles at the grassroots level that continue to claim lives despite sweeping changes at the top of Bangladeshi politics, according to a report by online magazine The Diplomat.
The cycle of political violence has endured through Bangladesh's most turbulent recent transitions — the 2024 uprising that ousted former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the subsequent interim administration under Muhammad Yunus, and the BNP's eventual return to power following national elections this year. None of these shifts, the report argues, have broken the pattern of lethal local rivalry.
A Night of Violence in Narayanganj
On the night of 18 October this year, Ripon Mia, a local leader of Jubo Dal — the youth wing of the BNP — was chased through Paiska in Narayanganj district by a group of men and attacked with sharp weapons. His family rushed him to hospital, but doctors declared him dead on arrival.
Local BNP activists said the assault was the culmination of a worsening rivalry between two factions over something as routine as the inclusion of names on a guest list for a religious event. Ripon's daughter Shila told the media: 'Several men chased my father and hacked him.'
BNP vs Jamaat: Deadly Clash in Chuadanga
An earlier incident this year in Chuadanga district in western Bangladesh illustrated the volatile fault lines between BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) supporters. Two brothers died after a clash that reportedly began with an argument following the evening meal to break the Ramadan fast.
Hafizur Rahman died a few hours after the altercation. His brother, Mofizur Rahman, a local JI leader, succumbed to injuries at a Dhaka hospital on 10 March. Police arrested three suspects following a murder complaint filed by the family, including a local BNP official and a former leader of the party's volunteer wing.
As The Diplomat noted, 'The BNP and the JI blamed each other for the violence... The clash came less than two weeks after the BNP returned to government.'
The Scale of Violence: ASK Data
The scale of political violence is laid bare in figures from Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), a Dhaka-based human rights organisation. Between January and September this year, ASK recorded 94 deaths and 3,587 injuries across 467 incidents of political violence.
Of these, 112 incidents were clashes between rival factions within the BNP itself — leaving 18 people dead and 1,215 injured. The figures span both the tail end of the interim administration and the early months of the elected BNP government. BNP chief Tarique Rahman took office as Prime Minister on 17 February.
A Pattern That Outlasts Political Change
The persistence of grassroots violence — even within the governing party — points to structural tensions that electoral transitions alone cannot resolve. Local control over patronage networks, event access, and party structures remains fiercely contested, with deadly consequences. This comes amid broader concerns in South Asia about the gap between high-level political settlements and ground-level accountability. With Bangladesh's new government still consolidating power, observers say the pressure to curb intra-party violence will be an early test of the BNP's ability to govern as effectively as it campaigned.