The number of people in the United States who identify as Indian American alone climbed to approximately 5.41 million in 2025, according to new American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates released by the US Census Bureau. The figure marks a rise of more than 315,000 from the 5.09 million recorded in 2024, with the estimate carrying a margin of error of about 77,000.

Scale of the Indian American Community

When individuals who reported Asian Indian alone or in any combination with other groups or races are included, the total rises to approximately 5.91 million, up from roughly 5.56 million a year earlier. That makes Asian Indians the largest single Asian group counted alone in the US, surpassing the Chinese (except Taiwanese) population of about 4.65 million. Counted alone or in any combination, the Chinese (except Taiwanese) figure stood at roughly 5.97 million — broadly level with the Asian Indian total. The overall US population was approximately 341.8 million in 2025, according to the survey.

India Remains the Second-Largest Source of US Immigrants

The survey confirmed that India retained its position as the second-largest country of birth for the US immigrant population, behind only Mexico. About 3.40 million US residents were born in India in 2025, up from approximately 3.16 million in 2024. By comparison, Mexico-born residents numbered about 10.61 million. India was followed by China (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan) at roughly 2.40 million and the Philippines at about 2.24 million. The total foreign-born US population stood at approximately 50.41 million.

State-by-State Distribution

California had the largest state-level Asian Indian population at about 1.02 million, followed by Texas at approximately 708,000, New Jersey at about 471,000, New York at roughly 420,000, and Illinois at about 288,000. Florida ranked sixth with approximately 239,000. The concentration in states such as California, New Jersey, and Texas reflects decades of tech-sector migration, medical professional recruitment, and business enterprise — patterns that have compounded each generation.

Household Income and Other Key Findings

The ACS data also pointed to rising household incomes nationally. The US median household income reached $84,780 in 2025, up from $81,604 in 2024. Separately, the survey collected data on electric vehicle (EV) ownership for the first time. About 14% of California households owned or leased an EV — more than double the national estimate of 5.5%. Santa Clara County in California, home to much of Silicon Valley's technology industry, led all US counties with about 24% of households reporting EV ownership, according to Tricia Holley, a survey statistician at the Census Bureau. Loudoun County in Virginia (13.9%) and King County in Washington (13.4%) also ranked among the highest. Nationally, about 122.3 million households reported access to at least one vehicle, and roughly 7.3 million said at least one was an all-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle.

What the ACS Covers

The ACS is the only source of local estimates for most of the more than 40 topics it covers, including language, education, commuting, employment, income, poverty, and health insurance. The 1-year estimates apply to areas with populations of 65,000 or more. The Census Bureau noted that release dates for remaining 2025 ACS products would be announced in the coming months as it works through required methodological changes. The continued growth of the Indian American community — now accounting for roughly 1 in 63 US residents — reinforces the diaspora's expanding political, economic, and cultural footprint in American public life.